Holographic photopolymers can be cast onto and around other optical elements, then patterned with a 3D routed waveguide to form hybrid integrated photonics. 听While multi-photon initiation can be used to improve localization of the written feature, we have explored single-photon initiation due to its greater control at lower laser power and higher write speed. 听For example, a milliwatt laser focus translated through the听听3D volume of a holographic photopolymer writes an optical waveguide with a cross section related to the size, shape, speed and velocity of the laser focus. 听These variables听allow the waveguide to be arbitrarily routed, tapered and shaped听along its path to implement mode transformations between encapsulated subcomponents. 听We have also created intererence lithography systems capable of creating large 2D听arrays of parallel waveguides and 3D printers that can fabricate arbitrary waveguide arrays layer by layer.
The team
Learn more
- D. J. Glugla, M. B. Chosy, M. D. Alim, A. C. Sullivan, R. R. McLeod, 鈥�,鈥澨齇ptics Express 26, pp. 1851-1869, 2018
- C. Ye, K. T. Kamysiak, A. C. Sullivan, R. R. McLeod,听, Optics Express 20, 6575-6583, 2012.
- A. C. Sullivan, M. W. Grabowski, R. R. McLeod,听, Applied Optics 46, 295-301, 2007.
- Amy C. Sullivan, Doctor of Philosophy in Physics,听, 乐播传媒, 2008.
- Charles D. Anderson, Master of Science in Electrical Engineering,听, 乐播传媒, 2006.
This work has been generously funded by
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Sample results
Phase micrograph of a single mode optical fiber encapsulated in solid holographic photopolymer and subsequently connected to an optical waveguide written with 3D laser direct write lithography.
Differential interference contrast micrograph of a photopolymer waveguide array written into a 3D photopolymer with four beam, phase stabilized interference lithography.听While the DIC microscope renders this as what appears to be a bumpy sheet, the polmer surface is flat.
Laser direct write plus quantitative phase metrology used to acuratly characterize the index response of a holographic photopolymer at the micron scale.